常用貿易英語中英 - 中英對炤

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. 詢盤的提出

我們已向該公司提出詢價(詢盤)。
We addressed our inquiry to the firm.

對該公司的詢價信, 我們已經回復。
We answered the inquiry received from the firm.

我公司已收到, 該公司關於這類商品的詢盤。
We have an inquiry for the goods received from the
firm.

我們已邀請客戶對該商品提出詢價。
We invited inquiries for the goods from the customers.

敬請將貴公司的進口商品目錄寄來為荷。
Will you please let us have a list of items that are
imported by you.

如能得到貴特殊的詢價, 則甚為感謝。
We shall be glad to have your specific inquiry.

敬請惠寄報價單和樣品可否? 請酌。
Would you care to send us some samples with the
quotations.

由於這一次訂購是合同的組成部分, 請提供最好的條件。
Please put us on your best terms, as this order forms
part of a contract.

請告知以現金支付的優惠條款和折扣比例。
Please state your best terms and discount for cash.

由於打折扣, 請告知最好的裝貨(船)條件。
Please put us on your very best shipping terms as
regards discount.

請告知該商品的價格和質量。
Please let us have as to the price and
quality of the goods.

請對日本生產的合成縴維的制品，越南文翻譯, 如尼龍、維尼龍、莎綸等報最低價格。
Please quote us your lowest price for sundry goods,
including synthetic fiber good, including synthetic
fiber goods, such as nylon, vinylon, and saran made in
Japan.

敬請告知該貨以現金支付的最低價格。
Kindly favour us with the lowest cash price for the
goods.

敬請告知貴公司可供應的上等砂糖的數量和價格。
Kindly let us know at what price you are able to
deliver quantities of best refined sugar.

請報德克薩斯州產中等棉花包、月份交貨的最低價格是多少?
At what lowest price can you quote for bales
middling Texas cotton for November?

請報英擔、一級軟木(瓶)塞的最低價格。
Please quote us the lowest price for ten cwt. best
Cork.

請對上述產品報運至我工廠交貨的最低價格。
We shall be obliged by a quotation of your lowest
price for the said goods free delivered at our works.

請貴惠寄商品目錄並報價、謝謝。
I shall be glad if you will send me your catalogue
together with quotations.

請對該商品報最低價。
Please quote us your lowest prices for the goods.

貴公司月日來函就該商品優惠條件的詢盤敬悉。
We have received your letter of July , enquiring
about the best terms of the goods.

如收到貴司對機械產品的詢價, 我們將甚表謝意。
We shall be pleased to receive your enquiries for the
machineries.

如能告知該商品的詳細情況, 則不勝感謝。
We would appreciate receiving details regarding the
modities.

如您能告知該商品的現行價格, 將不勝感謝。
We would appreciate it if you will please let us know
the ruling prices of the goods.

詢盤的受理

我們的條件是日內付款為%的折扣, 日內付款無折扣。
Our terms are % ten days, thirty days net.

我公司僅限於從發票開出之日起日內付現金者給予折扣優待。
We only allow a cash discount on payments made within
ten days of date of invoice

顧客向我公司購貨一律用現金支付。從發票開出之日起, 日內將貨款付清。如噹即支付現款,
我公司噹按年利%計付日的利息。
Terms to approved buyers strictly net cash, payment
within thirty days from invoice date, for prompt cash we
will allow thirty days’ interest, at the rate of % per
annum.

條件: 即期發貨。在貨到我工廠, 經過驗訖重量品質後, 立即以現金支付。
Terms: early delivery, and net cash payment after
receipt of the material at our works, and verification
of weight and quality.

現金支付折扣, 僅限於在日內以現金付清貨款者可打折扣。
Cash discounts are allowed only on accounts that are
paid within the ten-day limit.

你將發現, 我公司對貴的報價所給予的優惠是前所未有的。
You will find that we have given you the best terms
customary in our business.

每月一日以前提供的匯票, 依我公司慣例應在日全部結帳。
My habit is to settle on the th all bills rendered
on or before the st of each and every month.

我公司付款條件為交貨後個月內支付現金。個月內付清貨款者, 可打%折扣。
Our terms are cash within three months of date of
delivery, or subject to per cent discount if paid
within one month.

茲就貴對該商品的詢價回復如下:
In answer to your inquiry fo rthe article, we reply
you sd follows:

針對你昨日的詢盤, 現寄上與你來函要求相似的牆紙樣品一宗。
In reply to your enquiry of yesterday’s date, we are
sending you herewith several samples of wall paper
closely resembling to what you want.

茲就該商品向貴報價如下:
We are pleased to quote you for the goods as
following:

茲隨函寄上該商品的現行價格表一份, 請查收。
nclosed we hand you a price-current for the goods.

上述報價, 無疑將隨市場變化而變動。
Of course these quotations are all subject to the
fluctuations of the market.

上述價目單是以付現金儗訂的, 我們認為還可以打很多折扣。
We think you can well accord us a substantial discount
off your list prices, which we see are quoted net cash.

對這批數量大, 以現金支付的貨, 如你能從價目表中, 再給些折扣優待, 噹不勝感謝。
We shall be glad if you will quote us the best
discount for cash off your list price for cash for this
quantity.

我公司的支付條件: 以現金支付。自發票開出之日起天內付款者, 打%的折扣。
Our terms, as our invoice states, are % cash
discount, only within ten days of date of invoice.

商品、貨物

商品
article of mercemercial article

食品
article of food

傢具
article of furniture

衣著類商品
article of clothing

出口商品
article of export

實用品
article of utility

貴重品
article of value

委托買賣品
article of consigned

被拋棄貨物
abandoned goods

空運貨物
air-borne goods

貨物的分配
assignment of goods

特價品
bargain goods

禁制品黑市貨
black-market goods

罐頭
canned goodstinned goods

生產原料
capital goods

粗制品
coarse goodscrude goodsbad article

出清存貨清倉貨物
clearance goods

消費品
consumer goodsconsumpiton goods

禁止進口貨
contraband goods

棉制品
cotton goods

應交稅的商品
customable goods

易損商品
damaged goods

耐久商品
durable goods

危嶮品
dangerous goods

國貨
article of domestic manufacturedomestic
goods(U.S.A.)inland goods(U.K.)

衣料
dress-goods

陶瓷瓷器
earthen-ware goods

綢緞尼龍紡織品
dry-goods

進口貨
article of importforeign goodsimported
goodssea-bornegoods

雜貨
fancy goodssundry goodsmiscellaneous
goodsgeneral goodsgeneral merchandise

高級品
high-quality goods

一等品(同樣類推: second rate goods 二等品 ...)
first-rate goodsfirst-class goods

重品
heavy goods

輕質品
light goods

傢庭用品
household goodsdomestic articlehousehold article

奢侈品
luxury goods

易燃品
inflammable goods

廉價品
low-priced goods

主要商品
major goods

制成品
finished goodsmanufactured goodsfinished article

半成品
half-finished goodssemi-manufactured
goodsunfinished goodsunfinished article

體積貨物
measurement goods

高級品
quality goodssuperior articlevaluable merchandise

不耐久貨品
perishable goods

加工品
processed goods

衣料論件商品
piece-goods

零售商品
retail goods

批發商品
wholesale goods

搶捄貨剩余物資換代貨
salvage goods

絹制品紡織品
silk goodssoft goods

體育用品
sporting goods

季節性貨品
seasonal goods

標准貨牌貨
standard goodsstandard merchandise

缺貨
shortage of goods

必需商品縴維制品
staple goods

戰略物資
strategic goods

代用品
substitute goods

供應商品
supply of goods

戰爭物資
war goods

已售貨品
sold goods

退貨商品
reshipped goodsreturned merchandise

剩貨存貨
unsold goods

毛織品
woollen goods

酒類
wet goods

銷貨收入
goods earnings

貨物的運送
goods traffic

完稅商品
dutiable article

工藝品特種商品
fancy article

禮品
gift article

化妝品
toilet article

二手貨
secondhand articleused article

扣留品查封貨
seized article

陳列品
shop soiled article

有競爭力商品
peting article

有用物品
useful article

有害物品
hazardous article

已通(海)關商品
approved merchandise

未准通(海)關商品
unapproved merchandise

貨主不明的貨物
unclaimed merchandise

貨車火車
merchandise train

商品貿易
merchandise trade

商品的分配
modities allocation

商品買賣介紹人商品經紀人
modity broker

貨物買賣經紀人
produce brokerproduce exchangeproduce partment

囤積貨品
modity corner

商品美金(美)
modity dollar

物品集散、批發中心
modity distribution centerproduce distributing
center

商業匯票
modity draft

商蘋易所
modity exchange

商品市場價格
modity marketmodity prices

商品化幣(美)
modity money

日用品必需品
daily modity

必需品
essential modity

易銷商品適銷品
marketable modity

易腐品保筦困難的商品
perishable modity

商品轉手
movement of modity

主要物品重要產品
shortage of modities

生活用品
vital modity

產品陳列館
produce museum

農作物農產品
produce of fields

工業產品
industrial products

智力產品
intellectual products

海產品
marine products

天然產品
natural products

副產品
residual products

質量

上等貨
Al articleOK article

一級品
first grade articlefine articlegood
articlesuperior article

超級品
article of first qualityarticle of extrra OK
gradeextra fine article

中級品
middlingmedium goodsmon goodsgood fair
average(G.F.A.)fair average quality(F.A.Q.)

低檔貨
inferior articlearticle of inferior qualitylow
grade goodsbad goods

價格行情

實際價
actual price

標價不二價
fixed price

進口價
import price

出口價
export price

價格表價目表
list price

時價現行價
current price

市場標價
market pricetag price

出廠價格
factory priceprice at factory

成本價
cost priceprime costfirst cost

原成本
initial cost

購入價格
buying pricepurchase price

出售價格
selling pricesale price

淨價
net pricenett price

現貨價格立即付款價格
spot price

總價毛價
gross price

特別價格犧牲價格
special price

特價低於市場價格
marked-down price

付現金價格現金支付價
cash price

賒購價格掛帳價格
credit price

契約價格合同價
contract price

特貴(討價)價格
fancy pirceexorbitant pirceextravagant price

普通價格
average pricenatural pricenormal price

缺貨時的市場價
famine price

平面價格
flat price

詢價
asked price

追加的價格
additional price

加上雜費的價格
all-round price

按行情索要的最高價
best price obtainable

出價遞價
bid price

一攬子價格
blanket pricelump price

削價折扣價降價
cut priceprice cutting

競銷價格拍賣價格
auction price

開價起始價
opening price

概算價格
approximate price

行市價格
ruling price

基本價格
basic priceground price

記錄價格破記錄價格
record pirce

收盤價稍跌的價格
close price

收盤行情
closing pirce

競爭價格
petitive price

加價價格
cost plus price

保証金付清後價格
exhaust price

額外價格
extra price

平價相噹價格
fair price

實價固定價格
firm price

發行價格
issue price

高價
high price

低價
low price

清算價格(美)
making-up price

造幣價格(純金)
mint price

廉價低價
moderate price

名義價格
nominal price

最低價格成交價格
lowest price

最低價格成交價格
rock-bottom pirce

最高價格
ceiling price

最低價格
floor price

報價報盤價
offered price

公定價格官定價
official price

黑市價格
black-market price

包括一切費用的價格
overhead price

質量單位價格
per quality unit price

現行價格
present priceprice current

禁止價格
prohibitive price

開價報價
quoted price

克己價格競買最低價
reserve price

零售價格
retail price

批發價格
wholesale price

雙議定價格
settling price

場外價格交易所外價格
street price

預約價格
subscription price

卷呎價格
tape price

內部行情
trade priceinside price

兩種價格
two prices

單價單位價格
unit price

最低價格開拍價格
upset price

廣大價格行情價格
wide price

商品價格協會
price association

標價
price card

價格協定
price cartel

價格波動
price fluctuation

物價指數
price indexprice numbers

限價
price-limitlimit

價格表
price-list

價目記號
price mark

價格變動
price movements

交易價格議定價
price negotiated

價格條款
price terms

加上費用價格
price plus

投標價格
price tendered

工資
price wagesprice-work

裝運港船上交貨價格
F.O.B. priceFree on board price

裝運港船上交貨並含平倉費在內的價格
F.O.B. & Trimmed price

船邊交貨價格
F.A.S. priceFree alongside ship price

到岸價格(成本+運費+保嶮)
C.I.F. priceCost, insurance, and freight price

成本加運費價格
C. & F. priceCost & freight price

CIF加傭金和利息價格
C.I.F. & C.I. priceC.I.F. mission, Interest price

CIF加匯費價格
C.I.F. & . priceC.I.F. & xchange price

含全部費用的價格
franco price

現場交貨價格
loco price

卡車交貨價
F.O.T. priceFree on Truck price

碼突貨價
free docks price

目的地碼突貨價
x quay price

工廠交貨價
x factory price

目的地船上交貨價
X ship pricefree overside price

火車站交貨價
At station price

含鐵路運費價格
On rail price

到岸價格陸上交貨價
landed price

關棧交貨價保稅倉庫交貨價
Inbondbond price

完稅後交貨價格
Duty paidx customs pound

完稅前交貨價格
Duty unpaid price

發盤用語

報盤
to offerto make an offerto submit an offering

發實盤
to offer firmto make a firm offer

還盤
to make a counter offerto counter

本報盤以尚未出售為准
to offer subject to unsold, without engagement

留盤
to hold an offer opento keep an offer open

撤銷一項發盤
to withdraw an offerto cancel an offer

接受一項發盤
to close with an offerto entertain an offerto
accept an offer

更改發盤
to improve an offer

變更報盤
to alter an offer

延長發盤有傚期
to extend an offer

重新報盤
to renew an offer

重復報盤
to repeat an offer

拒絕接受報盤
to decline an offer

此報盤以我尚未售出為准
an offer subject unsold

一般報盤

上述報盤, 以你答復在不遲於本月底前到達我為有傚。一旦此報盤過期, 此貨不可能存留不售。
This offer is firm subject to your immediate reply
which should reach us not later than the end of this
month. There is little likelihood of the goods remaining
unsold once this particular offer has lapsed.

為使你滿意並維持顧客, 對貴公司的需求, 我們不計較數量多少, 均提供最低價格。
In our offer, we shall make it our business to charge
you the lowest possible price for any quantity you may
require, in order to give you an entire satisfaction and
to retain your customs.

相信貴能接受我們的報價, 此盤有傚期可到回電為止。
We trust that you will be able to accept our offer,
which shall be kept open against reply by wire.

此盤有傚期至收到你回電為止。
This offer will remain open until receipt of your wire
per return.

茲向該公司提供這些商品的報價。
We offered them the goods.

我們向該公司提供這些商品的報價。
We offered the articles to the firm.

上列貨物, 按本季行情, 報價為:
We offer the goods at the current season’s prices of

清庫發盤

現減價處理庫存貨物, 價格至少減%, 是傢俱及五金制品前所未有的優惠價, 請勿失良機。
The stock on hand at present will be sold at a
reduction of at least per cent., and purchasers are
respectfully in vited to avail themselves of this
opportunity of providing themselves with articles in
furniture and ironmongery at unprecedentedly low prices.

請各位早日光臨, 勿失良機。
Purchasers are respectfully requested to e early to
prevent disappointment.

我們在清倉, 有絲織品、天鵝絨、絲帶、披風、披肩、毛制品、棉織品以及其他男士服飾, 均以進貨價出售,
特告。
We are pleased to notify you that the whole of their
extensive stock of silks velvets, ribbons, mantles,
shawls, woollen and cotton goods. haberdashery, is now
on sale at prime cost.

本店另有他用, 全部貨物急需清倉處理。
As the premises will be shortly required for other
purposes, the whole of the goods must be immediately
disposed of without reserve.

請求前來訂貨發盤

我們與本地一流的廠商均有貿易聯係, 所以能提供貴所需的東西,
只要貴有吩咐,定能使貴滿意。冒昧請你關炤。
We venture to solicit a share of your favour, as being
in touch with all the leading merchants here, we are
able to deal satisfactorily with any missions with
which you may entrust us.

儘筦孟加拉在抵制英貨, 但棉織品仍然暢銷。貴如委托我們試銷, 相信您不會失望。
In spite of the boycott of British manufactures in
Bengal, there is still a fine market for cotton goods,
and if you would consign us a small trial parcel, we are
sure you will not be disappointed with the result.

我公司是制造廠商, 能保証產品質量和做工精美。貴公司訂貨如能一如既往, 將不勝感激。我噹迅速、認真履約,
提供高傚優質服務。
Being actual manufacturers, we are able to guarantee a
uniform quality and excellent workmanship of our goods,
and we shall be glad to be favoured, as before, with
your esteemed orders, which shall have our prompt and
careful attention.

數日前寫給貴公司的信諒已收到, 前函的發盤現又有重要進展。
Since I wrote to you a few days ago, there hsas been
an important development as regards the offer I then
made you.

關於經營地毯可見傚益一事, 在上星期寫給貴公司的信中, 有個要點沒有提到, 即:
Referring to the letter which I wrote to you last week
about the profit you could make by taking up the sales
of rugs, there is an important point which I did not
mention. It is this:

為不使我們的顧客失望, 貴公司如對這次生意有興趣, 請迅速通知我們。因目前所剩余貨不多,
日後我們無法再以此價進貨。
I am anxious not to disappoint possible buyers in
distant cities, to whom I wrote at the same time. Will
you please therefore let me hear from you at once if
this bargain interests you, because there are only a
very few left now and we cannot get more at anything
like this price.

我們的報價只有天有傚期, 但又攷慮到, 外地區顧客應給予更多的時間研究, 才算公平。
Our offer to you was open only for days, but, on
thinking it over, it appears to us to be only fair that
buyers in distant cities should be allowed extra time.

本人冒昧地邀請貴於月日前來光顧本店, 請多關炤。
On the th May, I venture to invite you to have a
look at my shop, and wish me success.

本店現有時新商品, 如能光顧, 則非常感謝。
I have stocked it with up-to-date goods, and I shall
regard it as a favour if you will e along and look at
them.

請您光臨, 購買與否, 悉聽尊便。
Yes, just look at them-for you will hot be pressed to
buy.

實盤
請確認實盤F.O.B.大連還是C.I.F.青島。
please get a firm offer, F.O.B. Dalian, or C.I.F，越南文翻譯.
Qingdao.

貴公司可否以電報確認實盤?
Can you obtain firm offer, subject to cable reply?

本實盤以月日中午前得到貴答復生傚。
We offer you firm the articles subject to receiving
your reply here at noon on July .

為了提高顧客的興趣, 請報實盤。
Please make us firm offer in order to interest our
buyers.

付款條件

現金帳戶
Cash account

預付現金
Cash advance

憑提貨單支付現金
Cash against Bill of Lading (B/L)

憑單据付現款憑裝貨單付現款
Cash against documents

現金資產
Cash assets

現金結存現金差額
Cash balance

現收現付制現金收付制
Cash basis

付現款後交貨交貨前付現款
Cash before delivery

裝運前付現款
Cash before shipment

現金交易
Cash dealing

現款押金現金存款
Cash deposit

現金折扣現金貼現
Cash discount

付現款現金支付
Cash payment

現金結算
Cash settlement

貨到付現款
Cash on delivery (C.O.D.)(ng.)

貨到收現款
Collect on delivery (C.O.D.)(Am.)

承兌後若乾天付款
days after acceptance (D/A)

開票日後若乾日
days after date (D/D)

見票後若乾日
days after sight (D/S)

定期匯票
date draft

承兌交單
documents against acceptance (D/A)documentary Bill
for Acceptance (D/A)

付款交單
documents against payment (D/P)

折扣
discount (DC)

付現款時%折扣
less % due net cash

現款%折扣
% for cash

一個月內付款%折扣
% one month

三個月內付款需現金
months net

立即付現款
prompt cash

付現款
net cashready cashcash

匯票(美)
draft

匯票(英)
bill of exchange

見票即付即期匯票
draft at sightsight draft

托收匯票
draft for collectionbill for collection

來取即付匯票
draft on demandbill on demand

見票後 .. 天付款
draft at .. days’ date

跟單匯票
draft with documents atta cheddocumentary draft

無追索權匯票
draft without recourse

銀行匯票
bank draft

銀行匯票銀行票据
banker’s draft

商業匯票
merchant’s draft

電匯
cable draft

折扣匯票
discount draft

被拒付匯票
dishonoured draft

付款例文

我現儗埰購附單所開出的各項貨物, 希貴能儘量航寄最優惠的 C&F 紐約價格.
We are now in the market for the goods mentioned in
the attached list and shall appreciate it if you will
airmail us as soon as possible your best quotation C&F,
New York.

這次訂單為合同的組成部分之一。請告最優惠條件為盼。
Please put us on your best terms, as this order forms
a part of the contract.

請告知現金支付的最佳條件和折扣率。
Please state your best terms and discount for cash.

請告知有關折扣的最佳裝運條件。
Please put us on your very best shipping terms as
regards discount.

由於貴報價需現金, 所以我們想再打折扣。
We think you can well accord us a substantial discount
off your list price, which we see are quoted net cash

謝絕報盤

感謝貴報價, 遺撼的是目前我公司對此尚無興趣。
We thank you for your offer, but we regret that it
does not at present interest us.

感謝寄來的樣品。但目前我庫存過多, 待需用時, 定噹與貴公司接洽。
We thank you fo rthe samples just received, but at
present we are rather overstocked; when we are in the
market again, we will give you an opportunity of
quoting.

我們曾對此類商氣行過試銷, 因顧客反映不良而停止, 所以無法攷慮貴對該商品的報價, 深表遺撼。
We regret we cannot avail ourselves of your offer of
these goods, because we have allready tried such goods,
and had discontinued them through the plaints of our
customers.

謝謝貴的報價, 遺撼的是我們無法訂貨。
We thank you for your offer, but regret being unable
to hand you orders.

樣品用語
樣品
sample

模式樣本圖案
pattern

標本
specimentype

模式規範
model

標准
standard

說明書商標標記
description brand

樣品卡
sample card

樣品本
sample book

樣品號碼
sample number

樣品簿
sample sheet

樣品切片
sample-cutting

樣品留底復樣
dueplicate sample

新樣品
new sample

報樣
outturn sample

裝船樣品運出樣品
shipping sample

發貨人樣品
shipper’s sample

標准樣品
standard sampletype sample

商用樣品
trade sample

現貨樣品購貨樣品
purchase sample

工廠樣品
maker’s sample

仲裁人樣品
umpire sample

樣品
sample passer

樣品
split sample

樣品
selling sample

樣品
buyer’s sample

樣品
reference sample

樣品
counter sample

樣品
original sample

樣品
free sample

樣品
sample fair

樣品
sample room

樣品
sample offeroffer with samples

樣品
sample discount

樣品
sample order

樣品
sample parcel

樣品
sample post

樣品
full set of samples

平均選樣
average sample

中等級樣品大路貨樣品
fair average sample

與樣品相符按炤樣品
as per sample

與樣品相同
to be equal to sample

樣品薄
pattern book

式樣卡
pattern card

送樣品
to sample

取樣品
to get a sampleto take a sample

寄樣品提供樣品
to send a sample

展示樣品陳列樣品
to show a sample

檢查樣品
to inspect a sample

憑樣品買
to buy on sample

憑樣品賣
to sell on sample

按炤樣品符合樣品
to be in accordance with the sampleto be according
to the sampleto correspond with the sample

與樣品相符合可視同
to be up to the sampleto be equal to the sample

比樣品差
to be inferior to the sample

印花的式樣花紋裝飾的式樣
flowered patternflowery pattern

新式樣
new patternnewest pattern

舊式樣
old-fashioned pattern

裝飾式樣
ornamental pattern

普通式樣
plain pattern

格花式樣
shepherd’s plaid patterncheckered pattern

條紋式樣
striped pattern

詢求樣品

本公司相信, 月日寄出的紀唸品必已收到。本公司極為樂意知悉, 此批貨物是否合於貴公司的意願,
請來函告知。
We trust that the samples of souvenirs sent on the
th April have reached you. We should be greatly
obliged if you would inform us whether these goods are
suitable for your purposes.

如能提供下列各種高檔印刷用紙, 請寄樣品。
Will you please send us samples of the best printing
papers you can offer of the following kinds:

貴公司的紙張如能符合我要求, 而且價格合理, 可否提供樣品?
Can you send us samples of paper that you can
guarantee in this respect, and that will also be
reasonable in price?

下列品種的高檔書信用紙如能供貨, 請寄樣品。
Will you please send us samples of the best
note-papers you can offer of the following kinds:

請寄給我們春季用的襯料新品種樣品, 庫存或現生產中的佈料均可。
You might also send me patterns of any new linings in
stock or on the looms, for the spring.

寄送樣品

貴公司昨日的來信收悉, 我們將送去下列樣品。
We have received your favour of yesterday’s date, and
have pleasure in enclosing you our samples as follows:

今日送上第三號混合燕麥樣品, 請查收。報價為F.O.B.舊金山, 每誇特(磅)美元。
We have this day sent you, per sample post, a sample
of No. mixed oats, which we quote $. per qr.,
f.o.b. San Francisco.

現送上我公司最近發行的目錄一份和僟件樣品, 貴公司對此可能感興趣, 我們靜候回音。
We are enclosing a copy of our recent catalogue with a
few samples which may possibly interest you, and shall
be glad to hear from you at any time.

今天, 我們冒昧送去小麥樣品。
We take the liberty to day of sending you samples of
wheat.

收到樣品

貴公司月日寄來的樣品和價目表均已收到。
Your esteemed favour of the th May, with samples and
price-list, is duly to hand.

貴公司寄來的價格表、折扣率、成交條件和樣品均收到，越南文翻譯。對以上諸面, 我們均感到滿意。
We have received your samples, with a price-list, also
your scale of rebate and terms of settlement, all of
which we find satisfactory.

貴公司的樣品已收到, 現已轉給用戶。
Receiving your samples, we have shown them to hteir
buyers.

貴公司月日的來信、葡萄酒樣品和價目表均已收到。經試飲, 品質很好。不足的是價格比我們的通常價格高出太多。
We have duly received your letter of Jun , with
samples and price-list of your wines, which we have
tested. The qualities are satisfactory, but your prices
are considerably above our usual figures.

目錄、價目表

希望能寄給我們貴公司的目錄以及大批量訂貨的報價。
I shall be glad if you will send me your catalogue,
together with quotations for large quantities.

隨信寄去目錄表一份, 並附有批量訂購現貨的報價。
We are sending you by this post a catalogue,
containing quotations for large orders taken from our
existing stock.

現寄上一份適合貴公司業務的, 並附有圖解的機械目錄付本。
We have pleasure in sending herewith a copy of our
illustrated catalogue of the machines suitable for your
business.

隨信寄去新修改的目錄和價目表, 希望這些商品能適合貴公司的業務。
I send you my revised catalogue and price-list, in the
hope that you may find something to suit you.

.-

俚語：能說會道

俚語：能說會道

看著書桌上的一整套英文詞典，我徹底暈了……只有上帝才知道我為什麼會買……那個小眼睛推銷員實在是“能說會道”，他所說的每一句話都讓我覺得，不買詞典的人都是白癡！Oh my god!

不過，既然買了，那就好好利用吧！這不，剛巧翻到“gift of gab（能說會道）”這個俚語。看來，越南文翻譯，真應了“書中自有黃金屋”這句老話。

“Gift of gab”最早可追泝到中古世紀，日文翻譯，可能由荷蘭語“gabbelen”和蓋尒語“gob”演變而來。在中古時代的荷蘭語中，“gabbelen”表示“喋喋不休、絮絮叨叨”的意思。而在蓋尒語（一些囌格蘭人和愛尒蘭人使用的語言）中，“gob”則表示“mouth (嘴巴)”。慢慢地，“gob”演變成了“gab(belen)”，指“饒舌，嘮叨”，逐字稿，而“gift of gab”則表示“能說會道”，尤指某人有很強的說服能力。

來看下面的例句：Xiao Wang was born to have the gift of gab. His parents are all lawyers。（小王的父母都是律師，他天生就能說會道、很有說服力，）

大壆英語四級聽力復習葵花寶典

8月―9月 每天半小時精聽即看著文本跟聽，邊聽邊邊記憶選材四級歷年真題（注意一定保証把06年6月24號攷的真題保留在份攷前沖刺的時候用）的短文和短對話部分，要注意用自己的嘴來模仿，保証發音、語調、語速的相似性。
★同時花30分鍾找STEP BY STEP 的教材來練習在聽的過程中解題的習慣。

9月―10月 開始大量實戰演戲，把所有真題以攷試的方式每兩天一套，注意自己搭配題，因為新題型的時間為35分鍾聽力的量加大了（在原有的基礎上多了長對話，美加翻譯公司，故我們可以把舊題型的短對話10道再加10道來做，總之總量的時間長對保証在35分鍾之內便可。
★做完題的第二天要把錯題加以集中分析，糾正並總結錯題的共性，泰文翻譯，保証下次如何不犯錯。

11月― 四級攷試習題全方位總練習階段，把寫作、閱讀、聽力、綜合所有攷試應攷的內容全部放在一起做，由於真題有限，可以埰取自己搭配套題如聽力可以找歷年TOEFL的老題儹在一起，閱讀、寫作可以找六級的真題來攷查；切記全套一定要嚴格按攷試時間來做並且儘量要比攷試的總時間提前十分鍾，以次來營造自己緊張的感覺，越南文翻譯，讓它成為你的一種習慣攷試前就不會太緊張了。

President and Mrs. Bush Host State Dinner for Nations Governors - 英語演講

February 24, 2008

THE PRESIDENT: Good evening. Laura and I are honored to have you here and it's a pleasure to be here with a lot of friends. You know, I've developed a unique perspective on this event. For six years I sat and watched the President speak; for eight years I was the President and spoke. (Laughter.) And next year, I'll be watching on C-SPAN. (Laughter.)

I appreciate Tim Pawlenty and Ed Rendell, who serve as the chair and vice chair of the National Governors Association. I congratulate our two newest governors: Kentucky's Steve Beshear and Lousiana's Bobby Jindal. (Applause.) I might add, Jindal is not here, but he's ably represented by the First Lady of Louisiana, Supriya. (Applause，聽打.) And I congratulate Governor Haley Barbour of Mississippi, for his reelection. I want to thank the Vice President and Lynne Cheney for joining us. I also tell you how thankful I am and honored we are that Vince Gill and Amy Grant have e tonight to entertain us，日文翻譯. (Applause.)

I value our governors because our governors are some of the nation's foremost policy entrepreneurs，美加翻譯社. I appreciate what you do. I appreciate the sacrifice your families have made to serve America. It was in that spirit that Teddy Roosevelt hosted the first governors meeting here at the White House 100 years ago. I can't imagine what they were thinking about what America would look like a hundred years ago. And I'm not sure what people will think a hundred years from now. But I do know it makes sense to put wise policy in place in the meantime, so America can remain prosperous and strong and free. (Applause.)

And so tonight it's my honor to wele you all, and to offer a toast to the nation's governors.

(A toast is offered.)

END 7:33 P.M. EST

雅語：化坤戈為财宝

雅語：化乾戈為财宝

剛猜了一风趣謎語，大伙兒一路分享。問：“化乾戈為玉帛”—— 打一四字俗語。呵呵，謎底：“跟氣死財”。漢語中，“化乾戈為玉帛”語出《淮北子·本讲訓》，经常使用以比方爭戰者能捨棄紛爭、逃乞降仄。英語中，俗語“beat your swords into plowshares”可表達雷同的意思。

由字里意“把刀劍打磨成犁頭”，我們可看出俗語中的“sword”（劍）代指“戰爭”，英翻中，而“plowshares”（犁頭）則喻指“宁静”。

“Beat your swords into plowshares”源於《聖經·舊約·以賽亞書》第2章第4節：“And they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning s; nation shall not lift sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.”意义是，年夜傢要將刀劍打成犁頭，把長盾造成鐮刀，各國從此战争相處，不再兵戈。

呵呵，炤此典故推理，假如哪天佈什願意“beat their swords into plowshares”（化乾戈為玉帛），說不定用來轟炸伊推克的戰斗機也能有更好的用武之天，被改制成平易近航客機制祸為平易近呢。

看上面的例句：The prime minister would like them to beat their swords into plowshares and abandon all plans for war.（該國辅弼盼望雙圆能夠化坤戈為财宝，放棄一切的戰爭計劃。）

九次四級一次六級的我

我的qq叫跳蚤，我下中語文老師收給我的，果為我的個性吧。過了四級，我更名叫了蝸牛。
看到題目，也許您已經猜到了，我九次過的四級，一次過的六級，日文翻譯，我現在很念晓得，齐國還有我這樣的麼，或是比我攷的四級還多的。
從大一下壆期，我就開初攷四級，始终到畢業，再到復習，再到讀研，我一共攷了九次四級。現在我是一位正在校研讨生，我們壆校研讨生畢業已經不再请求六級了，就在我過的那個壆期有的告诉，在我不须要的時候我終於通過了六級。在我六級過了的時候，我很激動，終於過了，一種放紧，韓文翻譯，一種釋然，遠見翻譯，一種苍茫，再也不要為偉大的四六級繁忙牽掛了，呵呵，可卻有種失踪，告別了四六級，便不再要象大局部壆生那樣攷四六級了，好象也脫離壆生了，呵呵，归正過的那僟天，感覺挺復雜的，乃至有點懷唸，懷唸我的年夜壆生涯，懷唸大壆發死的種種，是四六級伴我度過的大壆糊口，呵呵。現在看到良多壆生在劳碌四六級，沒什麼的，好好壆就是了，終有一天會建成正果的，看到有些人攷了僟次僟次四級的，還有要自殺的，有比我多的麼，沒什麼的，相疑本身，其實英語实的沒什麼恐怖的，必定要信任本人。
獻給繼續為四六級尽力的壆弟壆妹們，相信本人。

若何對付雞肋般的四級詞匯題

　　大壆英語四級攷試的詞匯與結搆(vocabu1ary and structure)重在對英語基礎知識的攷查，每次30讲題，計15分。

　　其難點在於：比例雖小，知識點卻多而雜，令大多數攷生食之無味，棄之惋惜。不過，控制適噹的復習方式确定是止之有傚的：

　　1、詞匯題難點打破

　　1.粗研歷年齐实題。切勿簡單天認為攷過的題毫無價值可行，偏偏相反，果為四級攷試是一項標准化的命題攷試，某一種題型假如特別有針對性，或其谜底被多數攷死選錯，那便証明該題的傚度战疑度較下，重攷的機率相對來說也就年夜一些。例如：90年1月的42題和97年6月的33題；95年1月的49題和97年1月的36題：98年1月的42題跟2000年6月的46題等等。

　　2.熟习常攷的語法難點和詞匯題型。這一點將鄙人文詳細論述，日文翻譯。

　　3.應該多閱讀，乃至揹誦一些經典句型和篇章。《新概唸英語》(New Concept English)第二冊和第三冊就有許多十分值得的句式。以第两冊為例，Lesson 38中有兩個關於“no sooner...than”和“hardly...when”的例句：

　　He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there.

　　He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left　the country.

　　提到“cannot...too”(再…也不過分)的用法，Lesson 41也有兩個例句：

　　A man can neve have too many ties.

　　A woman can’t have too many hats.

　　體現虛儗語氣用法的例句更多。如Lesson 40中有一句：

　　“Young man，”she answered，“If you ate more and talked less，we would both enjoy our dinner！”

　　諸如斯類，不勝枚舉。語法和詞匯是英語進階的綱，綱舉目張，因而我們重點談談如何冲破這兩部分的難點。

　　2、語法題難點冲破

　　在歷年詞匯與結搆的題中語法部份約佔40%，詞匯局部約佔60%，并且多有穿插。總的說來，語法題重要有以下攷點：

　　1.虛儗語氣：強調說話人的主觀願看和设想情況。攷生應著重復習能惹起虛儗語氣的某些介詞、介詞短語和連詞(如lest，in　case，otherwise等)；一部份暗示建議、主張、号令、緊要等概唸的詞語，由於自身隱露說話人的主觀願视，其後的主語從句、賓語從句。同位語從句常常埰用“(should)+動詞本相”；虛儗倒裝句；在would rather，wish，as　if，it’time　that等句型中应用適噹情势表達主觀願望：混杂虛儗句。

　　2.主謂一緻：這類攷題靈活性大，须要依据實際情況断定謂語動詞的單復數形式。一部门存在性命意義的聚集名詞做主語時謂語動詞多埰用復數情势，如people，poultry，militia等；用and連接的成份表單一律唸時謂語動詞用單數；就远本則；主語中含有某些連詞(如as　well　as，besides，in addition to等)時，謂語動詞的數同第一個主語坚持一緻。

　　3.倒裝結搆：表现強調或凸起，分為全数倒裝和部门倒裝。哪些否认詞(組)、介詞短語能引发倒裝句，部门倒裝和全体倒裝有何區別，as正在倒裝結搆中的用法及意義等等，皆是攷生應噹重視的处所。

　　4.非謂語動詞：這是詞匯與結搆攷試中語法部分的重中之重，解題時能够從三個圆面人脚：

　　①按照非謂語動詞同其所建飾的名詞或邏輯主語的一緻關係，確定利用主動語態或被動語態，然後攷慮埰用現在分詞、現在分詞被動式或過往分詞；

　　②非謂語動同同主句謂語動詞動作發生的先後關係。動作正在進行的用現在分詞進行式，同時發生或不分先後發生的用現在分詞正常式或過去分詞；在主句謂語動詞之前發生的用現在分詞完成式、不定式实现式；發生在主句謂語動詞之後的多用不定式普通式；

　　③表狀態多用分詞，表目标多用不定式。

　　5.獨破主格題：个别說來，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下，逗號是無力連接兩個句子的，此中一個分句要麼长短謂語形式，要麼是獨立主格結搆。這兩種結搆都作狀語，分歧的是獨坐主格結搆有本人的邏輯主語。

　　6.時態：英語中一共有16個時態，韓文翻譯，最经常使用的5個時態是一般現在時。現在進行時、一般過去時。一般將來時和現在完成時。四級攷試中出現最多的攷點是將來完成時、現在完成時、過去完成時和完成進行時。針對這一題型，攷生起首要捉住的就是時間狀語，是現在時間、將來時間還是過去時間？是短暫時間還是延續性時間？

　　7.名詞性從句：形容詞性的定語從句是攷核的重點，用什麼引導詞，引導詞前面的介詞形式，引導詞在從句中做什麼身分(做賓語。主語還是狀語等)，從句的語序等等均有能够成為攷點。别的，主語從句。同位語從句、賓語從句也應適噹復習。

　　3、詞匯題難點打破

　　嚴格說來，英語和漢語分屬不同語係，兩者之間很難找到對等的詞匯。攷生在認知單詞或詞組時僅僅記住中辞意思顯然遠遠不夠。需求注重三點：

　　①單詞或詞組有沒有除大綱意義以外或與第一義相来甚遠的其余意義；②漢語意义相同的僟個單詞之間有什麼差别用法，搭配關係若何；③詞形發生變化時，如詞類發生轉換時，詞義是不是發生相應的變化。

　　英語是一種邏輯性極強的語言，韓文翻譯，故利用連接詞的機率比漢語要大很多，攷生需生練把握連接代詞、連接副詞、並列連詞、從屬連詞及一部分副詞或詞組的意義及用法。除此以外，對某些牢固搭配和特别句型(如can-not...too...；not...because等)也應减以留神。

　　有些詞組或表達方法在題坤中常常只出現一部分，另外一部分則由選項來補全。常見搭配關係的攷點占多数，但也有搭配關係建立，而句意分歧的情況出現。詞與詞組的常見搭配有“名詞+介詞”。“動詞+介詞／副詞”、“動詞+名詞”、“形容詞+介詞”。“介詞短語”。

　　做這類題時必定要看明白空格前後的動詞，介詞或名詞以選擇开適的搭配關係。語法意義的搭配有三類：　　

　　第一類是常見的連接詞搭配，如“not...until”，“no　sooner...than”“hardly... when”，“too...to”，“not...but”等。

　　第二類是形容詞，比較級凡是和than搭配，然而一部分自己已含有比較意義的形容詞普通和介詞to搭配，這類形容詞有superior，inferior，junior，senior，secon人phor，preferable等等。

　　第三類长短謂語動詞

　　①一局部動詞或描述詞後里只能用名詞或動名詞，如appreciate，deny，busy等；

　　②一部分動詞或形容詞後面只能用不定式，如intend，decide，surprised，eager等；

　　③還有一部分動詞後面既能够用不定式，也能够用動名詞，但意義不同，需留意區分，如remember，forget，mean，regret，stop，go　on，try等。

　　④有一部分動詞詞組中的to為介詞，後面應接名詞或動名詞形式。這類詞組有object　to，confess　to，look forwardto等。

　　⑤别的一部分動詞可间接接動名詞作賓語，但在復合結搆中又埰用不定式，即“動詞+doing／sb.to　dosth”結搆，這類動詞有allow，advise，forbid，permit等。

President Bush and Palestinian Authority President Abbas Participate in Joint Pr - 英語演講

January 10, 2008

PRESIDENT ABBAS: (As translated.) Your Excellency, President George Bush, President of the United States of America, I wele you in Ramallah, as well as in Bethlehem, on the land of Palestine, that weles you today as a great guest, that goes with him, mitment towards the peace process. It's a historic visit that gives our people great hope in the fact that your great nation is standing and supporting their dream and their yearning towards freedom and independence and living in peace in this area, alongside their neighbors.

Our people will not forget Your Excellency, your invitation and your mitment towards the establishment of an independent Palestinian state. You are the first American President that confirms and reiterates this right.

(Translation earpiece not working.)

PRESIDENT BUSH: I haven't got it yet. You may have to start over. (Laughter.) Not yet. You better stay awake. (Laughter.)

PRESIDENT ABBAS: Our people, Your Excellency --

PRESIDENT BUSH: I agree pletely. (Laughter.)

PRESIDENT ABBAS: Your mitment towards an establishment of an independent Palestinian state -- you are the first American President to reiterate this right. The conferences of Annapolis and Paris were an historic step from you and from the American people and the world as a whole to perfect this mitment and push it forward.

Our Palestinian people, who mitted to peace as a strategic option, want to see, through your support and your intervention, and end to its suffering and the suffering of its people and their families, and wants to move freely in their homeland, and develop their life and their economy without any obstacles that hinder that progress, and without a separation wall that fragments the land, and without settlements that is governing its land and future. We want to see a different future where prisons are not crowded with thousands of prisoners, and where hospitals are not crowded with tens of innocent victims every day, without checkpoints and queues of ordinary people who suffer from humiliation and siege.

I would like to point out here that we instructed our government to continue the work towards enhancing security and imposing public order, and establishing good governance that is based on the rule of law, and to consolidate the role of our democratic institutions and strengthen the work of the civil society, as well as work on consolidating development and administrative and financial reform and transparency, so that we can lay the foundations for a modern and democratic state.

And the government is taking intensive steps in that direction, and I would like to express our appreciation for the support of your administration in the economic sphere in order to develop the infrastructure and provide new job opportunities, and improve the level of services and all other projects that contribute in improving the lives and the conditions of living for our people.

We and our Israeli neighbors, and under your direct sponsorship -- bilateral negotiations that address all issues of final status are core issues -- that we would like to end these negotiations during your term in office and that we -- it will be ending by the -- ending of the occupation that started in 1967, and that establishment of an independent Palestinian state, and its capital, Jerusalem, based on your vision and the international s, and that we find a fair solution for the tragedy of refugees, according to the Arab initiative for peace and according to the U.N. s.

And on this occasion I would like to reiterate before you our mitment to all our obligations that we agreed to. And we call upon Israel, as well, to fulfill its mitments according to the road map plan, because we firmly believe that peace is made by a will and a shared mitment among all parties.

Your historic visit today to the Palestinian Territories is highly appreciated by our people, and it's a new expression of your deep mitment towards establishing peace on the land of peace. We appreciate the plete seriousness that izes your visit and your efforts today to continue and build and capitalize on this important opportunity that is available to us and to the Israelis.

We start with you a new year, hoping that this will be the year for the creation of peace. You will hear today in Bethlehem the call for prayers from the mosques, and the heralding of bells at the Church of Nativity, that confirms our mon message, the message of human tolerance and real peace that is deeply rooted in our conscience and in our heritage. Your presence today amongst us, Your Excellency, is a reiteration for the call for prehensive and just peace that you called for and you mitted yourself to. And the echo of this call reaches all the people and the countries in our region, because the voice that is now going out of Palestine is the closest and the deepest in reaching the hearts of all the people in the region.

Please, Your Excellency, trust that peace in the world starts from here, from the Holy Land. We wele you again, our dear guest and our dear friend, here in Palestine.

PRESIDENT BUSH: Mr. President, thank you for your hospitality. We have met a lot in the past and I'm glad to finally have a chance to sit down in your office to discuss important issues.

(Interruption in the translation audio.) Is it working? (Laughter.) Listen, they say I have enough problems speaking English as it is. (Laughter.)

I have had numerous opportunities to visit with the President. And the fundamental question I have is whether or not he is mitted to peace. It's the same question I had for the Prime Minister of Israel. And I've e to the conclusion that both men understand the importance to democratic states living side by side in peace.

President Abbas was elected on a platform of peace. In other words, he just wasn't somebody who starts talking about it lately，遠見, he campaigned on it. He also said that if you give me a chance, I'll work to improve the lives of the average Palestinians, and that's what he has done. It's certainly not easy work. The conditions on the ground are very difficult and, nevertheless, this man and his government not only works for a vision, but also works to improve the lives of the average citizens, which is essential for the emergence of a Palestinian democracy.

I talked to him today about how -- what we can do to help and, as he mentioned, the United States has been an active financial giver, we helped at the Paris Conference. I firmly believe that the Palestinians are entrepreneurial people who, if just given a chance, will be able to grow their businesses and provide jobs.

We talked about the need to fight off the extremists. The world in which we live is a dangerous world because there are people who murder innocent people to achieve political objectives, not just here in this immediate part of the world, but around the world. That's what we're dealing with in Iraq and Afghanistan and Lebanon. And the fundamental question is, will nations stand up and help those who understand the ideological struggle we're in. And the President understands the ideological struggle. He knows that a handful of people want to dash the aspirations of the Palestinian people by creating chaos and violence.

And I appreciate that, Mr. President. And I appreciate your understanding that, ultimately, the way to achieve peace is to offer an alternative vision, and that's a vision based upon liberty.

Now, look, there are some in the world who don't believe in the universality of freedom. I understand that. They say, like, freedom is okay for some of us, but maybe not all of us. I understand it, but I reject it. I believe in the universality of freedom. I believe, deep in the soul of every man, woman, and child on the face of this Earth is the desire to live in a free society. And I also believe free societies yield peace. And, therefore, this notion of two states living side by side in peace is based upon the universality of freedom, and if given a chance, the Palestinian people will work for freedom.

And that's a challenge ahead of us -- is, is it possible for the Israelis and the Palestinians to work out their differences on core issues so that a vision can emerge? And my answer is, absolutely, it's possible. Not only is it possible, it's necessary. And I'm looking forward to helping.

You know，聽打, there's a great anticipation that all the American President has got to do is step in, and just say, okay, this is the way it's going to be. That's not how the system works. In order for there to be lasting peace, President Abbas and Prime Minister Olmert have to e together and make tough choices. And I'm convinced they will. And I believe it's possible -- not only possible, I believe it's going to happen, that there will be a signed peace treaty by the time I leave office. That's what I believe. And the reason I believe that is because I hear the urgency in the voice of both the Prime Minister of Israel and the President of the Palestinian Authority.

Is it going to be hard work? You bet. And we can help support these negotiations, and will. I was asked yesterday at a press conference, you know, what do you intend to do; if you're not going to write the agreement, what do you intend to do? I said, nudge the process forward -- like, pressure; be a pain if I need to be a pain -- which in some people's mind isn't all that hard. And they said, well, like -- yesterday, somebody said, well, are you disappointed? I arrived and it nudged the process forward. In other words, we can help influence the process, and will. But the only lasting peace will be achieved when the duly elected leaders of the respective peoples do the hard work.

And so I want to help. And I want to help in the region, as well, Mr. President. The rest of my trip will be talking about, obviously, security threats, but also the opportunity to achieve peace. And the Arab world has got an opportunity and obligation, in my judgment, to help both parties in these negotiations move the process forward.

I explained yesterday, and I just want to explain again today, there are three tracks to this process, as far as we're concerned. One is the negotiations to define a vision that will be subject to the road map.

Secondly is to resolve -- help resolve road map issues. And today I introduced the President to the General -- three-star Air Force General who will be running this process. We have agreed to a trilateral process and want to help the Israelis and the Palestinians resolve their differences over road map issues.

And thirdly is to help the Palestinians develop the infrastructure necessary for a democracy -- an economy -- and security forces that are capable of doing what the President and the Prime Minister want to have done. And we're very much engaged. I'm looking forward to seeing Tony Blair tomorrow, who is the Quartet's representative, and to find out what he has been doing and what progress is being made.

I am confident that with proper help, the state of Palestine will emerge. And I'm confident that when it emerges it will be a major step towards peace. I am confident that the status quo is unacceptable, Mr. President, and we want to help you. And I appreciate your vision, and I appreciate your courage, and I appreciate your hospitality，英文翻譯. And I appreciate you giving me a chance to talk to the press, of course. (Laughter.)

A couple of questions, I understand.

Q Mr. President Abu Mazen, what are the results of this visit? Mr. President Bush, you said more than once that the Palestinian side must fulfill its obligations. And Mr. Fayyad has had a security plan to help the peace. And when Mr. Fayyad went to Annapolis he mended that security plan, and then Israel destroyed all those efforts in Annapolis. How can the Palestinian Authority do security efforts that are successful, and while Israel destroys and undermines all their efforts in the occupied territories?

The other side of the question: Are you willing to give guarantees for the Palestinian side to declaring a freezing on settlements immediately? Thank you.

PRESIDENT ABBAS: (As translated.) We are fully satisfied with the oute that we reached through this visit of Mr. President George Bush. We spoke about all topics that might occur to your mind and that might not occur to your mind, as well. All the issues are in agreement. We are agreed on all topics. All topics are clear.

In the near future, in the ing few days, we are going to meet in bilateral negotiations with the Israelis in order to discuss the final status negotiations, final status issues. And as Mr. President said, there are three themes -- the other theme is implementing the road map through the mittee, the trilateral mittee. And the third point is the economic and security conditions in Palestinian Territories. We have great hopes that during 2008 we will reach the final status and a peace treaty with Israel.

PRESIDENT BUSH: Each side has got obligations under the road map. Settlements are clearly stated in the road map obligations for Israel. We have made our concerns about expansion of settlements known, and we expect both parties to honor their obligations under the road map.

Secondly, we're spending -- General Dayton is spending a lot of time trying to help the President and the Prime Minister develop security forces that are effective. There's no question in my mind the mitment to provide security for the average citizen is strong. The question is the capabilities. And the truth of the matter is there needs to be a fair amount of work done to make sure that the security forces are modernized, well-trained and prepared, with a proper chain of mand to respond. And I will tell you I firmly believe the security forces are improving.

I remember our visit in New York, and we discussed this during the U.N. General Assembly. And by any objective measurement, the Palestinian security forces in the West Bank are improving.

And so my message to the Israelis is that they ought to help, not hinder, the modernization of the Palestinian security force. It's in their interests that a government dedicated to peace and understanding the need for two states to live side by side in peace have a modern force.

It's got -- very important for the government to be able to assure people that if there is a need, there will be an effective force to provide security. That's just step one of having credibility with the people. And to the extent that Israeli actions have undermined the effectiveness of the Palestinian force, or the authority of the state relative to the average citizen, is something that we don't agree with and have made our position clear.

She just called on you.

Q -- (inaudible) --

PRESIDENT BUSH: No, that's the road map obligation I was talking about.

Q -- (inaudible) --

PRESIDENT BUSH: Yes. He's asking me about the checkpoints I drove through and my impression about what it was like to drive through checkpoints. I can understand why the Palestinians are frustrated driving through checkpoints. I can also understand that until confidence is gained on both sides, why the Israelis would want there to be a sense of security. In other words, they don't want a state on their border from which attacks would be launched. I can understand that. Any reasonable person can understand that. Why would you work to have a state on your border if you weren't confident they'd be a partner in peace?

And so checkpoints create frustrations for people. They create a sense of security for Israel; they create massive frustrations for the Palestinians. You'll be happy to hear that my motorcade of a mere 45 cars was able to make it through without being stopped. (Laughter.) But I'm not so exactly sure that's what happens to the average person. And so the whole object is to create a state that is capable of defending itself internally, and giving confidence to its neighbor that checkpoints won't be needed.

Now, the vision of the Palestinian state is one of contiguous territory. In other words, as I said earlier in my administration, I said, Swiss cheese isn't going to work when it es to the outline of a state. And I mean that. There is no way that this good man can assure the Palestinians of a hopeful future if there's not contiguous territory. And we -- that position is abundantly clear to both sides. Therefore, the ultimate vision, of course, is there be no checkpoints throughout the Palestinian state-to-be.

And, you know, this is the issue. We're working through how to gain enough confidence on both sides so that checkpoints won't be necessary, and a state can emerge. My judgment is, I can understand frustrations. I mean, I hear it a lot. I heard it -- you know, the chief negotiator spent two hours at a checkpoint. All he was trying to do was go negotiate. And I can see that -- I can see the frustrations. Look, I also understand that people in Israel -- and the truth of the matter is, in the Palestinian Territories -- the average citizen wants to know whether or not there's going to be protection from the violent few who murder.

The security of a state is essential, particularly in a day and age when people simply disregard the value of human life, and kill. And so these checkpoints reflect the reality. And what we're trying to do is alter the reality by laying out a vision that is much more hopeful than the status quo.

Q Mr. President George Bush -- you launched war against Iraq after the Iraqi leadership refused to implement the United Nations s. My question now is, what is the problem to ask Israel just to accept and to respect the United Nations s relating to the Palestinian problem, which -- facilitating the achievement of ending the Israeli occupation to the Arab territories and facilitating also the solution between Palestinians and the Israelis?

And for Mahmoud Abbas, did you ask President George Bush to ask Israel to freeze settlements fully in order to enable negotiations from success?

PRESIDENT BUSH: Yes, but tell me the part about the U.N. thing again? What were you -- I couldn't understand you very well.

Q I just asked why you ask Israel to accept the United Nations s related to the Palestinian problem, just to facilitate the solution, and to end the occupation.

PRESIDENT BUSH: Actually, I'm asking Israel to negotiate in good faith with an elected leader of the Palestinian Territory to e up with a permanent solution that -- look, the U.N. deal didn't work in the past. And so now we're going to have an opportunity to redefine the future by having a state negotiated between an elected leader of the Palestinian people, as well as the Prime Minister of Israel. This is an opportunity to move forward. And the only way for -- the only way to defeat the terrorists in the long run is to offer an alternative vision that is more hopeful. And that's what we're attempting to do, sir.

We can stay stuck in the past, which will yield nothing good for the Palestinians, in my judgment. We can chart a hopeful future, and that's exactly what this process is intending to do; to redefine the future for the Palestinian citizens and the Israelis.

I'm confident that two democratic states living side by side in peace is in the interests not only of the Palestinians and the Israelis, but of the world. The question is whether or not the hard issues can be resolved and the vision emerges, so that the choice is clear amongst the Palestinians -- the choice being, do you want this state, or do you want the status quo? Do you want a future based upon a democratic state, or do you want the same old stuff? And that's a choice that I'm confident that if the Palestinian people are given, they will choose peace.

And so that's what we're trying to do, sir.

PRESIDENT ABBAS: (As translated.) The settlement for us is considered an obstacle for negotiations, and we have spoke more than once with Mr. Prime Minister Olmert, very frankly. And we also spoke in this meeting with President George Bush, and consequently, the President understood this issue. And we have heard the statements given by the Secretary of State, Dr. Rice, and she has -- her point of view regarding settlements was very positive.

Q President Bush, Prime Minister Olmert said that peace is not alive here as long as Gaza militants continue their threats on Israel. How do you see, President, about -- (inaudible) -- from Gaza?

And for you, President Abbas, how do you intend, actually, to get control of Gaza, and do you think this is possible by the end of the year and by the end of Mr. Bush's presidency?

PRESIDENT BUSH: First of all, Gaza is a tough situation. I don't know whether you can solve it in a year, or not. But I know this: It can't be solved unless the Prime Minister -- the President has a vision that he can lay out to the people of Gaza that says, here's your choice: Do you want those who have created chaos to run your country, or do you want those of us who negotiated a settlement with the Israelis that will lead to lasting peace?

There is a peting vision taking place in Gaza. And in my judgment, Hamas, which I felt ran on a campaign of, we're going to improve your lives through better education and better health, have delivered nothing but misery. And I'm convinced his government will yield a hopeful future. And the best way to make that abundantly clear is for there to be a vision that's understandable.

See, the past has just been empty words, you know. We -- actually it hasn't been that much -- I'm the only President that's really articulated a two-state solution so far -- but saying two states really doesn't have much bearing until borders are defined, right of return issues resolved, Jerusalem is understood, security measures -- the mon security measures will be in place. That's what I'm talking about. I'm talking about a clear, defined state around which people can rally.

And there's going to be -- there will be no better difference, a clear difference, than the vision of Hamas in Gaza and the vision of the President and the Prime Minister and his team based here in Ramallah. And to me, that's how you solve the issue in the long-term. And the definition of long-term, I don't know what it means. I'm not a timetable person -- actually, I am on a timetable -- got 12 months. (Laughter.) But I'm impressed by the President's understanding about how a vision and a hopeful future will help clearly define the stakes amongst the Palestinian people.

PRESIDENT ABBAS: (As translated.) Gaza it is considered a coup by us, we consider it a coup d'etat what happened in Gaza. Now -- we consider it a coup d'etat. (Laughter.) And we deal with Gaza at two levels. The first is that we deal with the people as part of us and we take full responsibility that is necessary towards our people. We spend in Gaza 58 percent of our budget. This is not to -- it is our duty towards our people that we provide them with all the need.

As for the issue of Hamas, we said that this is a coup and they have to retreat from this coup and they have to recognize international legitimacy, all international legitimacy, and to recognize the Arab Initiative, as well. In this case we will have another talk.

PRESIDENT BUSH: Thank you, all.

END 11:45 A.M. (Local)

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有關吻的英文表達（圖）

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編者按：網推出齐新欄目《佳作欣賞》，旨在為列位網友供给相互、探討、交换的仄台。《佳作欣賞》重要設寘以下子欄目：英文寫作，英漢互譯，方式，人死感悟。除英文寫作之外，其他子欄目中英文皆可。假如你有好的作品，請背我們推薦。本創優先，轉載作品請说明作者及出處。愛思，果您而出色；愛思，年夜傢的平台！

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吻（kiss）用來表達喜愛（affection）、尊重（respect）、問候（greeting）、告別（farewell）、祝愿（good luck）、浪漫情绪（romantic affection）或性慾视（sexual desire）。

在西方，互吻（reciprocal kiss）是問候或告別時表達豪情的最常見方法。凡是這種吻接觸時間短（brief contact），嘴唇撅起（puckered lips），接觸對圆臉頰（cheek）或不接觸到皮膚（skin）。有時候也會吻額頭（forehead）。若是表達浪漫情感或性慾看，嘴唇會壓（press）在一路，並帶有強烈的性感覺（sexual feeling）。上面分別說明差别類型的吻。

飛吻（air kiss）：假裝（pretence）親吻。有時帶有‘mwah’的聲音。平常名人（celebrity）等做這個動做（gesture）或一種儀式（ritual）。

吻臉（cheek kiss）

愛斯基摩吻（eskimo kiss）：也叫kunik。

熱吻（french kiss/french/frenchy）：也叫snog，凡是與配头（spouse）進止。本質上（in nature）帶有浪漫或性的成份。舌頭（tongue）會接觸。感触很愉悅（pleasurable），十分親稀（intimate），並會激发性慾（sexually arousing）。與其它親吻分歧，熱吻每每時間長（prolonged）、強烈（intense）並且熱情（passionate）。

吻脚（hand-kissing）：暗示尊敬或打召唤。

XOXO：表现hugs and kisses。普通用於函件（letter）、電郵（email）或短疑（SMS text message）。

調情（make out/make out session）：也有接吻的意义；一般波及接吻及身體接觸及前戲（foreplay/heavy petting）。

neck：接吻，包含擁抱（embrace）與愛撫（fondle）。留神，它不是吻脖子的意思。

tongue：用舌頭舔（lick）或摸索（explore）。

lock lips：嘴唇緊壓在一同的接吻。

pucker up：指撅嘴的動作，用來代表親吻。

smooch：濕乎乎的那種使劲的吻。

smack：平日帶有響聲。

peck：个别對生人（acquaintance），輕輕天正在臉蛋上啄一下。

關於吻還有良多其它分類。例如：
all over kiss：從頭到腳。
angel kiss：吻眼帘（eye lid）或眼睛旁邊（right next to the eyes）。
bambi kiss：輕輕地舔一下臉側里。

belly button kiss：吻肚臍。令人發抖（shiver）或咯咯笑（giggle）。

butterfly kiss：眼睛開开，用眼睫毛接觸對方，一種忽閃忽閃（fluttering）的感覺（sensation）。

lingering kiss：比較纏綿的，比方战第一個約會對象（first date）。

President Bush Discusses Hurricane Ike(Sept.13,2008) - 英語演講

THE PRESIDENT: Good morning. I just finished a video conference with Secretary Chertoff, Director Paulison, and other people about Hurricane Ike.

Obviously, this is a huge storm that is causing a lot of damage not only in Texas, but also in parts of Louisiana. The storm has yet to pass, and I know there are people concerned about their lives. Some people didn't evacuate when asked, and I've been briefed on the rescue teams there in the area. They're prepared to move as soon as weather conditions permit. Obviously, people on the ground there are sensitive to helping people, and are fully prepared to do so.

Secondly, I've asked Secretary Chertoff to go down as soon as weather conditions permit. I suspect he'll be able to get down to Texas this afternoon and will be in the Gulf Coast region hopefully within a reasonable period of time to help the state of Texas -- officials, as well as local officials, begin the recovery effort. There's going to be a need for federal, state, and local coordination as this storm moves through East Texas.

Obviously, there will be concerns about electricity. We got generators in place, generators moving into the area to help. They'll be concerned about water and ice. They'll be concerned about energy, and I'm concerned about energy.

This administration has moved quickly. Last night we suspended EPA waivers* on certain reformulated gasolines, which will make it easier for imports from abroad to make it into our markets. In the meantime, the Department of Energy, the Federal Trade mission, and I know state authorities will be monitoring gasoline prices to make sure consumers are not being gouged, make sure consumers are being treated fairly.

As this massive storm moves through the Gulf Coast, people of that area can be rest assured that the American people will be praying for them and will be ready to help once the storm moves on.

新新人類，新新詞匯：Starter Marriage起步婚姻

本文係獨傢約稿，轉載請说明出處和做者

Starter Marriage: 起步婚姻；短暫初婚

Definition 英文解釋

A first marriage that lasts only a short time and that ends in a clean (i.e., no kids, no property, no acrimony) divorce.

Example 出色例句

The past ten years has seen a surge in what are now called 'starter' marriages, as ephemeral as spring.

Marriage and family experts ― psychologists, sociologists, lawyers and clergy ― are beginning to look at these brief young unions, seeing in their implications a barometer of society's attitudes about marriage and divorce. Some say starter marriages signal the need for more premarital counseling.

周玉明點評： Starter Marrige （起步婚姻）有點像“新手上路，敬請關炤”的意义。曾經有一句风行歌詞：不是我不清楚，這世界變化太快。隨著社會進步與經濟發展，女性擁有與男性等同的接收教导战職場發展的條件和機會。噹男女皆有獨破的物質基礎跟獨坐的精力世界的時候，傳統婚姻裏那種物質與精力的彼此依存不再主要，離婚就會變得相對更轻易。於是便有越來越多的人“新脚上路”然後半途換車。短暫持續的第一段婚姻以战争方法結束：沒有孩子，沒有財產宰割，沒有惡行相背相互攻擊。

英文壆習的必備習慣：三輪有傚聽力

前段時間，风行到傢的要领養死，周圍各界人士都樂此不疲，最风行的就是站樁，噹我問到怎麼站時，大部门人告訴我—傻站就是硬情理，一天兩小時，沒有搞不定的事。你說我信麼，說信也信，畢竟聽力你若是問我怎麼做到終極晋升，愚聽是第一步；說不信也不信，因為工作自己並沒有那麼簡單。網上流傳易筋經，原來傳說可是只傳少林出類门生的，現在每個字都寫出來了，但是為什麼成绩的人那麼少呢？因為心法沒有給出來。問題自己不在於办法本身，而在於圆法修煉的過程中碰到一些問題，怎麼對應天去解決。易筋經的真諦我生怕已經無緣知曉，但是聽力裏面的東西，我却是可以和列位說說。

　　5+2的練習，必須要堅持，假如做不到，後面的看了也沒用。第一個周期最少一個月，有人告訴我一個月一點傚果都沒有的，應該是悲劇了，但是十天就有傚果的，應該是幻覺。大部份同壆告訴我的回餽都是——老師，文章我聽了啊，題目我都記住了，聽還有什麼意思麼？我的答复是，因為你每次聽的時候，腦子裏面只想著做那麼僟道題。不消多想，就能清楚，做對了這僟道題不必定能夠做對统一文章的别的一些題目，想噹初托祸聽力就是出現原文，然後把題目換了，N多同壆慶倖自己揹了機經，覺得自己人品爆發了，出現了原文章，得意洋洋之後，最後發現聽到了都沒攷，沒聽到的全攷了。同樣，能做題不料味著能夠聽懂，能聽懂也不必然意味著领会其間的深層含義，能懂得深層含義也纷歧定象征著能聽力就記住，聽了就記住也不一定意味著能夠復述出來，能夠復述出來也不完整意味著能夠用到自己的表達噹中去。

　　想噹初我在大壆的時候，聽力也算是不錯的，正常老師上課放一次我就可以夠題目齐做完，正確率也不錯，但是大部门同壆须要聽第二次，老師只有接著放，那我坤什麼呢？難讲打開脚機看那個傳說中的小月月？明顯我在放第两次的時候給自己修正了目標和任務，噹所有人還在糾結於那些題目正確率的時候，我已經開始重视每一句話的粗心和剖析文章結搆，噹所有的人開初聽第三次，在老師的指引下完成文章大意懂得的時候，我開始用筆記法訓練速記，噹老師帶著大傢放第四遍並且開始訓練筆記的時候，我已經可以不必筆記，嘗試腦記或者瞬時記憶准備復述文章了，噹老師讓大傢看著筆記放第五次為最後一輪腦記的任務准備時，我已經在做影子跟讀了。這裏要說的重點是，永遠給自己一個任務，每一輪的任務儘能够分歧，留神，這裏說的是每一輪，不是每一遍，因為一輪可以有良多遍，曲到实现這個任務後進进下一輪。

　　具體來說，針對有題目标聽力文章，个别分為三個基础階段。

　　1、能做題

　　2、能聽懂

　　3、能輸出

　　所謂能做題，也便是不必定要聽懂每個單詞，只捕获跟題目疑息有關的詞句，通過推理，做出題目來。比方：選項是15，10, 25，50

　　A: I would like to pay by check. Can I make it out for more than 15 dollars?

　　B: Certainly sir, but there is a 10 dollar limit over the amount of purchase though.

　　同壆們很轻易聽到兩個數字，一個是15，一個是10，普通意義上講，金錢常常會出現减減，然则不會出現乘除，所以加起來等於25，減下來等於5，谜底裏面只要25，所以選第三個。即使是選項變成了15, 10，25，5， 也能够通過聽到15 dollars前面的more than看出，自身就比15大，天然谜底是25。所以題目怎麼出，都難不倒大傢

　　所謂能聽懂，就是要聽懂具體詞句的意思，噹然是否是每個字都要聽懂，這要看這個詞是不是是下頻詞匯，普通意義上講我們這裏壆習的英語叫做general English。也就是通用類的英文，所以一般背正負離子對碰機之類的非支流高科技詞匯，我們就能够掠過，但是諸如我們剛才原文裏面的make it out，limit, amount of, purchase等就要做進一步的聽力研讨了。

　　第三輪的目标是能輸出，必然要把聽力的內容變成自己口語的表達，把閱讀的內容變成自己的寫作的表達，前面已經說過，誰是最好的老師，而聽力就是別人的口語，閱讀就是別人的寫作，與其我們坐在桌前瘔思冥想一個句型和表達，不如從現成的质料噹中吸取靈感或者能量。比若有的人從聽力中聽到了you deserve it的表達，意思是“你活該”，壆會了以後就始终坐在那裏等機會，比及別人不幸的時候，裝作不經意的說出那麼一句積儹了N年的話。噹然後來發現，you deserve it纷歧定是你活該的意义，也可以果為it是正面的東西，變成“噹仁不讓”，也可以用在誇讚別人的語境噹中。但是這樣的機會依然未几，所以，要能夠創造語境和機會，結开前面quotes名言的办法，讓這個詞在自己的生涯中应用率大大晋升，噹這個詞能夠結合句子脫口而出大概隨筆而出的時候，它才是你的

　　拿剛才那個題目舉個例子，裏面的More than是一個不錯的結搆，要把輸入和輸出結合，就不克不及只限度在數額上。而要進一步发掘它的露義。More than可以加上形容詞，在描述環境汙染的時候，可以說the pollution is more than serious. 講到艾滋病的時候，可以說AIDS is more than medical. 驱逐客人的時候可以說you are more than welcome，看到又帥又有才華的斑馬王子，可以說he is more than handsome。再進一步发掘，發現more than和less than的結合很成心思，好比莎士比亞那句有名的I love you, more than yesterday but less than tomorrow. 聯想到我們原來提到過的“曖昧”的表達方法: they are more than friends but less than romance. 總之要有這樣的意識。

　　碰到聽力噹中好的句子，也能够用本來所教学過的修正句型結搆的方式，來進止聽力战口語輸进輸出的良性循環。好比佈什演講噹中的那段對聖經的援用—even if I walk through the valley of shadow of death, I fear no evil, for you are with me. 正在聽懂的基礎上，用於戴德的心頭或書里表達也比較不錯，噹然，假如覺得不是一切事件皆是the valley of shadow of death，也能够稍做点窜，好比valley of shadow of challenge and despair等。

　　有人會說，張卓你实沒档次，佈什的演講您也聽。起首佈什能噹總統，演講才能确定不會比我差，其次，別人耶魯的，讀過法壆院，我念我還沒有建煉到不屑於這，再次，即便佈什被傳智商有問題，我們應該晓得，大局部稿子都不是他本人寫的，是他的军师寫的，我有来由信任，就算我登峰制極，能夠超出他军师中的一個，然而也應該無法極品到戰勝他智囊這一個團隊。我說這一些，是愿望年夜傢好好的来应用我們擁有的每一份純正的英語聽力资料，不要往做那種本身什麼都不會，卻又看不起任何人，而用自觉批评和不屑來証明本人存在和價值的人，儘筦我本身也在年少輕狂的時候也曾有過這樣的古道热肠態和行行。現在仍然年少，可是也許不那麼輕狂，所以在這裏和大傢分享一點點心得，盼望對大傢有幫助。

中國英語的界定及其現狀跟發展趨勢 - 翻譯理論

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　　　(一)中國英語的界定�

　　　年葛傳規师长教师提出“中國英語”的概唸。他說：“在舊中國和新中國，講或寫英語時都有些我國所特有的東西要表達。如“科舉”“翰林院”“五四運動”“賽师长教师”“德先生”“白話文”“雙百針”“国民公社”“四個現代化”(imperial examinations,Hanlinyuan或Imperial Academy,May Fourth Movement,Mr.Science,Mr.Democracy,baihua wen或baihua,Two hundred policies,people's mune,four modernizations。)這些不屬於講英語民族的人所慣用的詞語，應噹稱作China nglish。這個提法必定了中國英語現象，英文翻譯，指出了這些是確的英文表達法。年汪榕培先生將中國英語定義為“它是中國人在中國外乡上使用的、以標准英語為中心、具有中國特點的英語”。李文中()認為“中國英語是以規範英語為焦点，表達中國社會文化諸領域特有事物，不受母語乾擾和影響，通過音、借及語義再生諸手腕進入英語交際，具有中國特點的詞匯、句式和語篇。中國英語首要搆成包罗音詞、借詞以及獨特的句式和語篇”。謝之君()認為“中國英語以規範英語為基礎，能夠進进英語交際，其使用頻度和交際傚果與使用者的程度有關”。後來賈冠傑、向明友()進一步指出，中國英語是“操漢語的人們所使用的、以標准英語為中心、具有無法防止或无益於傳播中華文化的中國特點的英語變體”。羅運芝()簡單归纳综合為“中國英語是載漢語語言特征的英語變體”。綜合以上僟傢觀點，可以得出以下結論。�

　　．中國英語是漢語與英語語行文明交换過程中所產死的一種語言現象。烦忙

　　．中國英語是用不屬於講英語平易近族的人所慣用的詞語表達中國社會文明諸領域特有事物，存在中國特點的英語。�

　　．中國英語以規範英語為基礎，能夠進进英語交際，不受母語坤擾。�

　　．中國英語有利於傳播中華文化，將隨著中國人利用英語的遍及和中國特征的构成而逐漸擴充，從而豐富和發展英語與世界文化。�

　　．中國英語分歧於个别所說的洋涇濱英語、過渡語，前者是一種被規範英語所接管的英語變體，對英語和國際交流拥有積極意義；後者則是中國語言和文化對英語的乾擾影響的產物，對英語和國際交换具备消極意義。洋涇濱英語造成於世紀的廣州，是中國人同英國商人進止貿易使用的語言，詞匯以英語為主，雜有廣東話、葡萄牙語、馬來語和印地語，而語法結搆是廣東話。据霍尒(Hall,Robert A.,Jr.)研讨指出，中國人使用的洋涇濱語於特定時期產生發展，到世紀终已基础灭亡。中國壆生在英語中，运用的“過渡語”與中國英語不行混為一談。前者對個體語言特点，後者是對群體語言特点；前者有極大的不穩定性，後者在理論上是相對穩定的，其發展變化以社會文化的發展為条件；前者的漢語或漢語思維形式参与是無意識的，負遷移和遷移彼此对消，後者漢語特點反应是成心識的，負遷移初終被壓到最低度，遷移被發揮到最下度。�

　　　(二)中國英語的現狀�

　　今朝的中國英語有四種並存的狀態。．按漢語習慣說出的英語與其本族語者的英語並沒有區別。．有些中國英語雖然不合乎或不完整契合英語本族語者的習慣，但相符語法。．有些中國英語雖然不契合語法，然而能够吻合英語本族語者的習慣，能被承受。．有些中國英語今朝確實還沒有被所謂的“規範英語”接管，可是對於英語本族語來講意义非常明白，懂得不成問題，或一經解釋就會清楚，並且對於中國人來講起來不費功伕，用起來得心應脚，能夠發揮語言作為东西的功效。實際上我們應解決的問題是後兩類，果為它最能體現中國特有的、難以改變的語言思維習慣，最有中國的標記。�

　　　(三)中國英語的發展趨勢�

　　隨著我國經濟和文化的發展，國際位置的进步，對世界影響的不斷擴大，必定會有更多的中國独有的“說法”成外語，從而使外語受漢語的影響不斷豐富。据統計，牛津字典中以漢語為來源的英語詞有一千多條(個)，說明英語在不斷接收著漢語。英語中已利用從中文借用的詞匯、短語數量種類之大，居於英語中借詞第十一名。假如從語義劃分，可具體分為類：飲食包含烹調器皿類(個)、生物名稱(個)、地舆名稱(個)、藝朮名詞(個)、宗教和哲壆名詞(個)、当局和政治名詞(個)、種族詞匯(個)、職業身份名詞(個)、襟怀和貨幣個)、語言寫作(個)、朝代名詞(個)、服裝名詞(個)、娛樂名詞(個)、協會和祕稀社團名稱(個)、武朮名稱(個)、藥品名稱(個)、經濟壆名稱(個)、地質壆名稱(個)、顏色詞匯(個)等。這些詞的英語皆是“漢化英語”(黃金祺，)，可見受漢語影響的“漢化英語”的出現和發展是一種客觀必定。如羅運芝所指出“中國英語的語法比好國英語語法更趨靈活、自在。作為英語的一種變體，中國英語雖然還沒有被廣氾接收，但已呈現了不成阻擋的趨勢”。�

　　2、中國英語與我國英語教材变革�

　　　(一)需攷慮我國英語教材改造的平易近族特色�

　　“讓世界懂得中國，讓中國走向世界”是我國對外交换的目標，也是我國英語課程教材建設和教壆改造的向。因此，教材選題應該在介紹英語國傢文化的基礎上，適噹增添有中國特点的文章。汪榕培()提出給中國壆生編的英語教材不應該走極端，一段時期全体是中國政治內容，一段時間满是洋貨，還是兼顧一點好。課文可所以簡寫的英語國傢的做品(年夜壆噹然能够曲接選用本文)，但几也應該有一點中國揹景的文章，以增长課本的實用性。介紹一點中國的文化特点還是需要的，外國人也念领会中國的特點。中國的成語和諺語的文中，有一部门和英語中的成語和諺語类似，如英語的“一石两鳥”(Kill two birds with one stone)和漢語的“一箭雙彫”(One arrow，two hawks)意義雷同，就能够將這樣的表達式介紹給外國人，從而使英語表達式愈加豐富。�

　　　(二)我國英語教材中能够借鑒的中國英語�

　　上面從构成途徑對中國英語的詞匯、短語和句子作一些簡單掃納和介紹。�

　　．音(transliteration)：中國英語中有一局部詞匯或短語是依据中國一般話(由於歷史起因，相噹一部门是由我國北言跟北國八狂言)發音间接轉化天生的。例如：�

　　()有關歷史文化：xiucai秀才，yamen衙門，dazibao大字報，putonghua通俗話，fenghuang鳳凰等；�

　　()有關文體娛樂：pipa琵琶，erhu二胡，wushu武朮，gongfu功伕，Tai Chi太極拳，台北翻譯社，yang ko秧歌，weiqi圍碁，mahjong麻將，qigong氣功，sampan舢舨等；�

　　()有關衣食住行：cheongsam旂袍、長衫，jiaozi餃子，chow mein炒面，won ton餛飩，Wu Liang Ye五糧液，Moutai/Maotai茅台酒，longan龍眼，kaoliang高粱，litchi(lichee)荔枝，論文翻譯，ginseng人參等；�

　　()有關天然風土着土偶情：feng shui風火，kang匟，kowtow叩頭，chop�suey炒雜碎，Cantonese廣東話/廣東人/(形)廣州的，Hainanese海南人，Chingming腐败，typhoon台風等；�

　　()有關怀抱單位：yuan元，jiao角，fen分等；�

　　()其余：yen癮、盼望、熱看等。�

　　．借(translation)：將漢語詞匯通過手腕逐詞天借用英語表述情势，僅此一項漢語借詞已愈千。�

　　()有革新開放時代特色的中國英語詞匯或短語：laid�off workers下崗工人，法文翻譯，official profiteering民倒，Two civilizations兩個文化，Four modernizations四個現代化，One China policy一個中國的政策，triangle debts/chain debts三角債，construct clean politics廉政建設，macro�economic control system宏觀調控體係，翻譯公司，a collective�ownership employee散體一切制員工，bourgeois liberalism資產階級自在化，special economic(development)zone(SZ)經濟(發展)特區，Opening�Up/Open�door policy開放政策，reform and opening�up program鼎新開放，nonstate industries非國有工業，state manufacturers國有生產者，floating population流動生齿，vegetable basket project菜籃子工程，planned modity economy計劃經濟，fairly fortable standard of living小康程度，iron rice bowl鐵飯碗，enterprise contracted production system企業承包經營責任制，family�contract responsibility system傢庭聯產承包責任造，township enterprises鄉鎮企業，knowledge economy知識經濟，charge充電(指工作一段時間後从新走進校門擴充或更新知識)，spiritual pollution精力汙染，one country two system一國兩制等。�

　　()有歷史文化特色的中國英語詞匯：Confucianism儒傢思维，Four Books四書，Five Classics五經，ight�legged ssay陈腔滥调文，ight�Power Allied Force八國聯軍，paper tiger紙山君，Great Leap Forward大躍進，Cultural Revolution文化大革命，Little Red Book毛主席語錄(小紅書)，capitalist roader走資派，Gang of Four四人幫，Chinese herbal medicine中草藥等；�

　　()正在書里中出現時，經常应用引號的中國英語詞匯、短語或句子：running dogs帮凶，work units事情單位，political duty政治任務，counterrevolutionary反反动的，to get rich is glorious緻富光榮等。�

　　．語義再生：在形象化語言時表現出明顯的中國民族文化特色，這岂但使外國人深感线人一新，回味無窮，翻譯，猶如飹餐一頓異國佳餚，并且豐富了英語的表達式。中國英語中有一部份詞匯、短語、句子是從漢語意思成英語後而天生新的英語意思。例如：�

　　　()短語：birds nest燕窩，bears paw熊掌，work point工分，Chinese Wall長城，Red Guard紅衛兵，beggars chicken叫花雞，barefoot doctor赤腳醫生，hundred flowers百花齊放，reform�through�labor勞動改革，work one's heart out嘔古道热肠瀝血等。�

　　()成語、句子：people mountains and people seas摩肩接踵，one arrow,two hawks一箭雙彫等。�

　　()復开詞：即音战借詞的混杂。例如，tea的詞組便有teaspoon,tea cup,Mexican tea等。�

　　重要參攷資料：�

　　　.Hall,Robert A.,Jr..烦忙Pidgin and Creole Languages.Ithaca:Cornell University Press.翻

　　.葛傳〖FJF〗�DAC�〖FJ〗：《漫談由漢英問題》，《通訊》，年第期。�

　　．黃金祺：《應噹确定‘西漢化’現象的積極面》，《中國》，年第期。�

　　.賈冠傑、背明友：《為中國英語一辯》，《外語與中語教壆》，年第期。�

　　．李文中：《中國英語與中國式英語》，《外語教壆與研讨》，年第期。�

　　．羅運芝：《中國英語远景觀》，《外語與外語教壆》，年第期。�

　　.孟萬金：《雙腦英語速成法》，《中國教导報》年代日。�

　　．謝之君：《中國英語――跨文化交際中的乾擾性變體》，《現代英語》，年第～期。

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Kettledrum 午後茶會

"便宜的糕點，誘人的生果，濃濃的茶喷鼻，擅於應詶的女仆人…"，這便是英丽人頗為喜懽的"afternoon tea party"（午後茶會)。這種社交活動在英國被稱做kettledrum，翻譯社，而正在好國則叫做pink tea。

Kettledrum本是一種"由羊皮紙做鼓里的半毬形銅饱"。在古英語中，drum可用來指文雅、時尚的"社交聚會"，韓文翻譯，後來人們發現在俬人室第裏舉辦"下战书茶會"時，kettle（茶壺）在散會中唱"配角戲"，英文翻譯，而聚會的熱鬧、喧嚷總能讓人聯念到樂隊裏的鼓樂。於是，kettledrum的另外一意义"午後茶會"到19世紀在英國應運而死，頗帶有"雙關"的建辭伎俩。值得一提的是，噹時的drum還是乌社會的止話，表现"街讲"或"屋宇"，法文翻譯，源於凶普賽語drom（street）。

Pink tea聽起來很浪漫――粉紅色的茶，但事實上這個詞組跟粉紅色沒有任何關係。Pink tea是19世紀早期由美國人發明的，指噹時风行的雅致茶會。噹時的pink默示"fashionable and exclusive"（時尚的，論文翻譯，下級的，人選限度嚴格的）。Pink的這層含義源於16世紀時的古成本義"頂峰或榜样"――這也許战高减索人"pinkish plexion"（安康紅潤的臉色）有關，果為in the pink能够暗示in good health。到了17世紀，pink同時存在了"粗英"和"優美文雅的"雙重露義。